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Whatcom Creek fecal coliform total maximum daily load study
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Whatcom Creek fecal coliform total maximum daily load study
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Description
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Author
Shannahan
,
Jon-Paul
Title
Whatcom
Creek
fecal
coliform
total
maximum
daily
load
study
Publisher
Washington State Dept. of Ecology
Date
2004
Summary
Whatcom
Creek
is
located
entirely
within
the
city
limits
of
Bellingham
,
Washington
.
Whatcom
Creek
exceeds
state
water
quality
criteria
for
Class
A
standards
as
per
Chapter
173-201A
WAC
. In
response
to these
violations
, the
City
of
Bellingham
voluntarily
conducted
a
Total
Maximum
Daily
Load
(TMDL)
study
for
fecal
coliform
in the
Whatcom
Creek
watershed
from
January
2002
through
February
2003
.
Bacterial
(fecal
coliform
and
Escherichia
coli)
samples
were
collected
every
two
weeks
for the
duration
of the
study
. The
study
design
included
sampling
five
mainstem
locations
and
each
of the
four
tributaries
entering
Whatcom
Creek
. The
hydrology
of the
basin
was
assessed
by the
placement
of
two
continuous
gauging
stations
.
One
station
is
located
below
the
outflow
dam
on
Lake
Whatcom
,
approximately
2,000
feet
from the
headwaters
of the
watershed
(Derby
Pond)
. The
other
station
is
downstream
,
located
at
Dupont
Street
100
feet
upstream
of
Whatcom
Falls
.
Fecal
coliform
violations
of
Class
A
standards
were
documented
during
both
wet
and
dry
weather
patterns
.
Data
generated
during
this
study
support
the
listing
of
Whatcom
Creek
on the
state’s
303(d)
list
of
impaired
waterbodies
.
Pollution
is
exclusively
from
diffuse
sources
(i.e.
, not
municipal
or
industrial
discharges)
.
Potential
nonpoint
sources
of
bacteria
and
other
pathogens
within
Whatcom
Creek
watershed
include
stormwater
,
hobby
farms
,
wildlife
,
domesticated-pet
waste
,
homeless
camps
,
septic
systems
, and
illegal
sewer
connections
. There has been
no
attempt
in this
study
to
identify
individual
sources
of
fecal
coliform
.
Geometric
means
and
90th
percentiles
for
bacteria
were
calculated
from the
TMDL
data
. The
Statistical
Theory
of
Rollback
(Ott
,
1995)
was
applied
to
determine
the
percentage
of
reduction
in
bacteria
loads
needed
to
bring
water
quality
into
compliance
with
water
quality
standards
.
Reductions
in
bacterial
loading
for the
mainstem
ranged
from
0%
to
62%
,
while
tributary
reductions
ranged
from
58%
to
88%.--Abstract
.
Subject
Water--Pollution--Total maximum daily load--Washington (State)--Whatcom Creek
Water quality--Washington (State)--Whatcom Creek
Enterobacteriaceae--Environmental aspects--Washington (State)--Whatcom Creek
Whatcom Creek (Wash.)--Environmental conditions
Organizations
Washington
(State)
.
Dept
. of
Ecology
;
Bellingham
(Wash.)
Collection title
North
Corner
Documents
Collection
Series
Publication
(Washington
(State)
.
Dept
. of
Ecology)
;
no
.
04-03-015
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